Real-count data time series often show the phenomenon of over-dispersion. In this paper, we introduce the first-order integer-valued autoregressive process with seasonal structure. The univariate marginal distribution is derived from the Delaporte distribution and the innovations are convolution of Poisson with α-fold zero modified geometric distribution, based on binomial thinning operator, for modeling integer-valued time series with over-dispersion. Some properties of the model are derived. The methods of Yule-Walker, conditional least squares, and conditional maximum likelihood are used to estimate the parameters. The Monte Carlo experiment is conducted to evaluate the performances of these estimators in finite samples. At the end, this model is illustrated using a real data set and is compared to some INAR(1) models.

Distribution locational marginal pricing (DLMP) is an efficient approach to optimize the pricing of distribution systems. This paper focuses on DLMP to minimize losses within the distribution network. This approach can be strategically manipulated to adjust the profits for distributed generation (DG) owners and the distribution company. Furthermore, the paper employs the information gap decision theory (IGDT) method scenarios to model the uncertainty surrounding electricity market prices. By incorporating the risk-averse (RA) scenario, network operators can discern RA solutions and optimal outcomes derived from the algorithm. On the other hand, the risk-tolerance (RT) scenario helps identify riskier solutions, enabling appropriate decision-making based on whether the solutions are RA or risky in nature. To further enhance the quality of outcomes, this paper combines IGDT scenarios with the cheetah hunter optimization (CHO) algorithm to ensure the obtained results are both optimal and accurate. The proposed method’s performance is evaluated through simulations conducted on a 69-bus IEEE power network using the MATLAB software environment. The results obtained from this approach demonstrate its superior accuracy when compared to previous methodologies.

One of the obvious reasons for most disorders in network service provisioning is network path congestion. Congestion avoidance in today's networks is too costly and sometimes impossible. With the introduction of SDN, centralizing the equipment's control plane has become possible. This paper presents an enhanced method named ESV-DBRA to avoid congestion in multi-tenant SDN networks. At first, ESV-DBRA monitors the traffic load and delay of all network paths for each tenant individually. Then, by merging the parameters obtained from the monitoring, the Service Level Agreements (SLA), and a novel proposed cost function, it calculates the cost of the network paths per tenant. As a result, traffic for each tenant is routed through the path/paths at the lowest possible cost from the tenant's perspective. Next, the bandwidth quotas will be calculated and assigned to the tenants over their optimal routes. Afterward, whenever congestion is likely to occur in a path, ESV-DBRA automatically changes the route or bandwidth of the tenants' traffic related to this path to avoid congestion. Related algorithms are also proposed.Eventually, simulations show that the proposed method effectively increases bandwidth utilization by 10.76%.

Different types of contact, including contact between node pairs, any-contact of nodes, and contacts of the entire network, are used to characterize social relations in mobile social networks. Different modes of routing, from the point of view of message delivery semantics, encompass unicasting, multicasting, any-casting, and broadcasting. Studies have shown that using probability distribution functions of contact data, which is mainly assumed to be homogeneous for nodes, improves the performance of these networks. However, there exists an important challenge in studies on distributions. A lot of works apply the distribution of one type of contact to other types. Hence in routing applications, it causes to use of the distribution of one type of contact for any mode of routing. This study provides a complete solution to model each type of homogeneous contact data distribution and to use them in different modes of routing. We propose a routing algorithm that uses this new model. Results show that our solution improves the average latency of comparing methods Epidemic, TCCB, and DR about 3.5-times, 30%, and 45%, respectively. It achieves a delivery rate of about 5% and 6%, and average latency about 6% and 8% better than that of DR and TCCB, respectively.

This research was performed to investigate the relationship between environmental factors including water and plant composition. In other words, determining the most effective factors in distribution of vegetation types in Arak playa was the main aim of this study. To achieve this goal, the initial map of vegetation was provided and afterward water and vegetation sampling was done. Water parameters including K+, Na+, CL-, Mg+2, %Na (exchangeable sodium percentage), Th, SAR+2, Co3, Hco3, So4, TDS (total hardness), EC, pH, and anions (sulfates, bicarbonates and chlorates) were measured. Multivariate data analysis techniques including principal component analysis (PCA) and canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) were used to analyze the collected data. The results showed that vegetation distribution pattern was mainly related to water characteristics such as Mg+2, TDS, CL- , anion, EC and Th. it can be concluded that according to habitat conditions, ecological needs and tolerance range of each plant species have significant relationship with water properties.

This paper analyses whether joint probability distribution function of losses due to different exposures covered under the same policy could be modeled in an appropriate manner via mixture distribution proposed and copula concept.Special type of distribution which is a mixture of Generalized Hyperbolic Skew t distribution and Extreme Value theory (EVT) has been used for modeling marginal distributions of claims and copula function has been considered as a means of modeling dependency structure among claims. Most important copula including; Gaussian, t, Frank, Gumbel and Clayton was tested from goodness of fit point of view.The data used in this study are the amount of property damage and bodily injury covered under automobile liability insurance.Results reveal that joint probability distribution of claims could be effectively modeled by Clayton copula and proposed mixture distribution.

Statement of Problem: Nowadays economical issues on high gold alloys have changed the practice of metal-ceramic restorations toward base-metal alloys. Minalux is one of the base-metal alloys produced in Iran. Marginal fitness is of high importance to be evaluated in dental alloys.Purpose: The aim of the present study was to compare the marginal adaptation of two base-metal alloys, Minalux (Mavadkaran Co. Iran) and VeraBond2 (Albadent Co. USA ) during firing cycles of porcelain.Materials and Methods: In an experimental study 24 standard brass dies, with 135 chamfer finishing line were fabricated by Computer Numeric Controlled (CNC) milling machine. The samples were randomly divided in two groups, A and B, 12 in each. Following wax-up, the samples were equally cast with two mentioned alloys. In each group, there were 4 controlled samples, which proceeded to firing cycle without veneering porcelain. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) measurements of marginal gap from buccal and lingual aspects were performed after 4 stages of casting, degassing, porcelain application and glazing. The data were analyzed using Four-way ANOVA and multiple comparative tests based on Tukey criteria.Results: The findings of this study revealed that there was no significant difference in the marginal gap of Minalux (31.10±7.8 m) and VeraBond2 (30.27±6.96 m) with confidence level at 0.95 (P=0.43). For both alloys the greatest gap was observed after degassing stage (P<0.05). Porcelain and porcelain veneering proximity caused significant changes in the marginal gap of Minalux castings (P<0.05), however, such changes did not occur in VeraBond2 (P<0.05).Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, the marginal gaps of two base metal alloys, Minalux and VeraBond2, were proved to be identical and that of the Minalux alloy existed in the range of acceptable clinical application. It was also concluded that Minalux dental alloys could provide proper marginal adaptation.

Purpose: To determine the efficacy of simultaneous peripheral crescentic lamellar keratoplasty (LK) and central penetrating keratoplasty (PK) for advanced pellucid marginal degeneration (PMD). and compare it with the efficacy of Crescentic Wedge Resection (CWR).Methods: Simultaneous peripheral crescentic lamellar keratoplasty (LK) and central penetrating keratoplasty (PK) was done in the right eye and CWR in the left eye of a patient with advanced PMD., and the results of the two methods was compared.Results: Post-operatively flat anterior chamber (AC) and significant astigmatism which was not correctable with spectacles and hard lenses developed in the left eye. Visual acuity results were 5/10 (with piggyback lens) in the left eye and 4/10 (Uncorrected) in the right eye which increased to 6/10 with correction. No any other complication was seen in either eye.Conclusions: The short-term results with simultaneous peripheral crescentic lamellar keratoplasty (LK) and central penetrating keratoplasty (PK) were better than Crescentic Wedge Resection in our patient; and provided early and stable visual rehabilitation.